What does a positive CMV test signify?

A positive cytomegalovirus (CMV) test signifies the presence of antibodies directed against the virus, indicating a past infection. When CMV antibodies, specifically IgG antibodies, are found in a person's blood, it generally means that the individual has been exposed to the virus at some point in the past.

IgM antibodies would suggest a more recent or current infection, while the presence of IgG alone, particularly in a serologic test, supports the interpretation of a resolved or chronic infection rather than an active one. This understanding is crucial in clinical settings, as it helps differentiate between ongoing infections and those that have already been resolved in the immune system.

The distinction between the different types of antibodies is critical in interpreting serological tests for CMV, as this affects patient management and treatment decisions. For example, in pregnant women, knowing if they are currently infected versus having had a past infection can influence monitoring and interventions.

Therefore, the positive result in this context is aligned with the recognition of IgG antibodies, confirming that the individual has been previously infected, which provides insight for healthcare providers into the patient's health history regarding CMV.