What does antigen detection primarily identify in specimens?

Antigen detection primarily identifies antigens of infectious agents in specimens. Antigens are specific substances, often proteins or polysaccharides, that trigger an immune response. In the context of clinical diagnostics, antigen detection is a critical method for diagnosing infections by identifying the presence of specific pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi. This is often done using techniques like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), rapid antigen tests, and immunofluorescence assays.

The focus on identifying infectious agents through antigen detection aids in early diagnosis and appropriate treatment strategies, making it a valuable tool in clinical settings. By detecting these antigens directly in the specimen, clinicians can quickly determine the nature of an infection and the most effective approach to patient care.