What does RhoD typing specifically detect?

RhoD typing specifically detects the Rh factor protein on red blood cells, which is crucial in determining an individual's Rh blood type. The Rh factor, also known as D antigen, is an important antigen that can lead to Rh incompatibility, particularly in pregnancy and blood transfusions. If a person is Rh positive, they have the Rh protein, and if they are Rh negative, they do not have it. This typing is essential to ensure safe blood transfusions and manage situations such as Rh incompatibility during pregnancy, thereby preventing hemolytic disease of the newborn.

The other choices address different components of blood typing. The detection of A and B antigens pertains to the ABO blood group system rather than the Rh factor specifically. Identifying all types of antibodies in serum is broader and does not focus specifically on the Rh factor, while determining the ABO blood group in serum samples is necessary but distinct from RhoD typing, which is solely concerned with the presence of the Rh factor. Therefore, the choice that accurately reflects what RhoD typing detects is the presence of the Rh factor protein on red blood cells.