What does the term genotype refer to?

The term genotype refers specifically to the genetic makeup of an organism, which encompasses the alleles inherited from its parents. This genetic composition plays a crucial role in determining various traits, though it is distinct from the phenotype, which describes the observable characteristics and physical appearance. The genotype can influence numerous aspects of an organism, including its susceptibility to certain diseases, physical traits, and even behavior, but it does not account for the environmental factors that can also play a significant role in the development of these traits. Understanding genotype is essential in fields such as genetics, evolutionary biology, and medicine, as it forms the foundation for studying hereditary conditions and the principles of inheritance.