What is one method for detecting virus antigens in the laboratory?

ELISA testing, or Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, is a powerful method used to detect virus antigens in the laboratory. The principle of ELISA relies on the binding of specific antibodies to their corresponding antigens. In this context, when a sample suspected of containing viral antigens is introduced to a plate coated with specific antibodies, any viral antigens present will bind to these antibodies. A secondary enzyme-linked antibody specific to a different epitope on the antigen then binds to the complex, resulting in a measurable signal, often a color change indicative of the presence of the viral antigen. This method is highly sensitive and allows for the quantitative or qualitative determination of viral antigens in various sample types, including blood or serum.

In contrast, blood gas analysis primarily measures the levels of gases in the blood, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, and is not designed for viral detection. PCR testing (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is aimed at detecting viral nucleic acids rather than proteins or antigens. It is highly effective for diagnosing infections by identifying the genetic material of the virus itself but does not measure the presence of viral antigens. Viral culture involves growing the virus in a controlled environment, which can take longer and may not directly