What is the function of radiated blood units?

Radiated blood units are specifically processed to prevent transfusion-associated graft versus host disease (TA-GvHD), a rare but serious condition that can occur when transfused lymphocytes engraft in the recipient's tissue and attack the recipient's cells. This reaction is particularly a risk in immunocompromised patients, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or with certain genetic disorders. By subjecting blood products to radiation, the lymphocytes are inactivated, thereby significantly reducing the risk of TA-GvHD.

In clinical practice, irradiated blood components, particularly red blood cells and platelets, are commonly used for patients at high risk for this complication. While options concerning enhancement of red blood cell survival, increasing platelet levels, and reducing hemolysis are relevant to transfusion practices, they do not encompass the primary function of irradiating blood units. The primary goal of this irradiation process is the prevention of graft versus host disease, which is unique to irradiated blood products.