What is the main function of B cells within the immune system?

B cells play a crucial role in the immune system primarily by producing antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins. When B cells encounter specific antigens—the unique substances that trigger an immune response—they differentiate into plasma cells that produce large quantities of antibodies. These antibodies are specific to the antigens that initially activated the B cells, allowing them to neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses or mark them for destruction by other immune cells.

This antibody-mediated response is essential in providing long-term immunity and facilitating the recognition and elimination of pathogens on subsequent exposures. The specificity of antibodies helps ensure that the immune system can target specific elements of a pathogen effectively, contributing to the overall defense mechanisms of the body.

While other components of the immune system, such as T cells and phagocytic cells, carry out different but complementary functions, the primary and distinctive role of B cells centers on the synthesis of antibodies against antigens.