What is the process of measuring the bending of light as it passes through a sample called?

The process of measuring the bending of light as it passes through a sample is referred to as refractometry. When light passes through a medium, it changes speed and direction at the interface of different media, a phenomenon known as refraction. Refractometry is specifically the method that quantifies this bending of light to infer properties about a substance, such as its concentration or composition.

In this context, "Pass-through refractometry" effectively describes the method used, as it captures the key principle of measuring light's bending—in this case, by allowing light to pass through the sample for analysis. This approach is crucial in laboratory settings where determining the refractive index is essential for various analyses.

The other methods mentioned do not directly focus on measuring light refraction. Absorption photometry pertains to quantifying how much light is absorbed by a sample, fluorometry deals with measuring the emission of light by a sample that has absorbed photons, and refraction analysis could imply a broader or less specific term. Therefore, "Pass-through refractometry" appropriately encapsulates the specific process described by the question.