What is the typical serum osmolality range?

The typical serum osmolality range is generally acknowledged to fall between 282 and 295 mOsm/kg water. This range is significant because osmolality reflects the concentration of solutes in serum, which is crucial for assessing the body's hydration status, electrolyte balance, and overall homeostasis.

Normal serum osmolality is primarily determined by sodium levels and also includes contributions from potassium, urea, glucose, and other solutes. Values that fall outside this range can indicate various pathological conditions; for instance, increases in osmolality may be seen in cases of dehydration or hyperglycemia, while decreases might indicate overhydration or inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Understanding this typical range helps healthcare professionals evaluate and interpret laboratory results effectively, guiding clinical decision-making and patient management.