What key factor is responsible for the presence of visible turbidity in the hemoglobin solubility test?

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The presence of visible turbidity in the hemoglobin solubility test is primarily due to the decreased solubility of deoxygenated hemoglobin S (Hb S) in the solution. When Hb S is present, especially in its deoxygenated form, it tends to aggregate and precipitate out of solution, leading to visible cloudiness or turbidity. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced in individuals with sickle cell disease, where the abnormal hemoglobin polymerizes under low oxygen conditions, resulting in a higher concentration of insoluble material in the solution.

In contrast, factors such as increased cell density, presence of white blood cells, or low pH may affect overall blood characteristics or lab results but do not directly relate to the turbidity observed specifically in the context of the hemoglobin solubility test. Thus, the decreased solubility of deoxygenated Hb S is the key factor that directly causes the turbidity seen in this assay, making it the correct answer.

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