What relationship does hyperlipidemia have with coronary artery disease?

Hyperlipidemia, which is characterized by elevated levels of lipids in the blood, particularly cholesterol and triglycerides, is a well-established risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). The relationship between hyperlipidemia and CAD primarily revolves around the role of lipids in the development of atherosclerosis, a condition where arteries become narrowed and hard due to the buildup of plaque.

When there are high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the bloodstream, it can lead to the accumulation of fatty deposits (plaques) in the arterial walls. Over time, this buildup narrows the arteries, restricts blood flow, and increases the likelihood of cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and strokes. Therefore, hyperlipidemia directly contributes to the pathological processes that lead to coronary artery disease by facilitating plaque formation.

Additionally, managing hyperlipidemia through lifestyle changes or pharmacotherapy is crucial in reducing the risk of CAD, thus reinforcing the understanding that elevated lipid levels significantly increase the risk for developing this condition.