Which of the following tests is used to identify bacteria in urine?

Urine culture is the correct choice for identifying bacteria in urine. This test specifically involves growing and identifying bacteria from a urine sample to determine if there is a urinary tract infection (UTI). When a patient presents with symptoms indicating a UTI, a urine culture can identify the specific organism causing the infection, allowing for targeted treatment.

In a urine culture, the urine sample is collected and placed on a culture medium that supports bacterial growth. After an appropriate incubation period, the cultures are examined for signs of bacterial growth, and if present, further tests may be conducted to determine the type of bacteria and their susceptibility to antibiotics.

In contrast, the other options pertain to different types of cultures. Serum culture is used to detect bacteria or fungi in the bloodstream, while blood culture is specifically designed to identify pathogens present in the blood, which is crucial for diagnosing systemic infections or sepsis. Fecal culture is utilized to identify bacteria in stool samples, primarily for diagnosing gastrointestinal infections. Therefore, urine culture is uniquely suited for detecting bacterial infections specifically in urine samples.