Which tests are commonly performed to evaluate systemic lupus erythematosus?

The evaluation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) commonly involves both blood and urine tests, making blood and urine tests a comprehensive approach to diagnosing and monitoring the disease. Blood tests are essential for detecting specific autoantibodies, such as antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-double-stranded DNA, and anti-Smith antibodies, which are commonly associated with SLE. Urine tests are vital for assessing kidney involvement, which is a significant complication of lupus. They help in detecting proteinuria or hematuria, indicating potential lupus nephritis.

In this context, while some options suggest limitations in the types of tests (like only blood or only urine tests), the inclusion of both blood and urine tests in the evaluation fully addresses the multifaceted nature of SLE. Skin tests are not routinely used in the diagnosis or monitoring of SLE, thus making the combination of blood and urine tests the best choice for a comprehensive evaluation of the condition.